ABSTRACT
Objective: Intermolar width is a key measurement which assists in treatment planning of orthodontic patients requiring expansion as an alternate to premolar extraction. The present research was aimed at determining the mean value of intermolar arch width [IMW] of untreated normal arch Pakistani patients visiting tertiary care dental hospital
Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out using IMW measurements on plaster model of 120 untreated normal occlusion patients, at Department of Orthodontics, Faisalabad Medical University and de'Montmorency College of dentistry, from 15-12-2016 to 15-10-2017. The non probability consecutive sampling technique was used in this study. Data analysis was done using SPSS software 21.0.0
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 18.23+/-3.75 years. The mean value of IMW in selected subjects was 45.33+/-3.42 mm
Conclusion: Study results concluded that in Pakistanis, ideally align maxillary arch and occlusion can be achieved with upper intermolar distances of 45.33+/-3.42 mm
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need [IOFTN] was introduced to overcome the limitations of IOTN index to determine treatment need for Orthognathic surgery, and to assist in prioritising public resources for Orthognathic surgery
Objective: To apply IOFTN in patients who were in preparation for Orthognathic surgery
Study design: Across sectional study
Setting: Department of Orthodontics, Faisalabad Medical University [FMU], Faisalabad
Duration of study: 6 months from 10.6.2017 to 10.12.2017
Sample size: The calculated sample size was 50 patients
Sampling technique: Purposive sampling technique
Data collection procedure: Findings were recorded on data collection Performa. The data was analysed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software package [SPSS] 21
Results: Results showed that 90 percent of the cases scored grade 4 and 5. 51 percent of female patients and 49 percent of male patients were needed definite Orthognathic treatment according to IOFTN. No significant gender difference was found for Orthognathic treatment need. IOFTN showed 40 percent [Grade 5], 45 percent [Grade 4], 7 percent [Grade 3], 2= percent [Grade 2] and 0 percent [GradE[1]] results respectively.7 percent of the patients were classified as being in need of moderate treatment, with 2 percent having mild treatment needs. Class II malocclusions [60 percent] and Class III skeletal patterns [40 percent] were the most prevalent type
Conclusion: IOFTN found 90 percent of orthognathic patients as having great to very great functional needs
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of positive computed tomographic [CT]scan findings in patients presenting at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi with chief complaint of headache without focal neurological signs
Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Radiology department, PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi from Dec2011 to Jun2012
Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included referred patients with complaint of headache of one month duration or more without focal neurological signs. No gender restriction was considered and patients of age more than 14 years were included. Patients with headache due to other known clinical disorders such as intracranial neoplasm and stroke were excluded. Patients with focal neurological signs such as hemiparesis, cerebellar signs and cranial nerve palsies were also excluded from the study. A total of 105 patients were included in the study through non probability consecutive sampling. Informed written consent was taken from the patients by explaining all the risks and benefits of the study and use of data for research and publication. Plain CT scan brain was done by trained CT technician and reporting of CT scan was done by consultant radiologist. CT scan was done on Toshiba Scanner Aquilion-64 CT Scan machine. The imaging protocol consisted of appropriately angled continuous 5mm thick axial slices for the posterior fossa and 10 mm thick slices for the rest of brain from the base of skull to the vertex. Data was collected through a specially structured proforma. Confidentiality of the patients' record was maintained
Results: Majority of the patients were between 31-40 years of age i.e. 29.52% [n=31] and mean and SD was calculated as 34.24 +/- 8.72 years, 54.29% [n=57] females and 45.71% [n=48] male patients, frequency of positive CT scan findings in patients with chief complaint of headache without focal neurological signs was recorded as 14.29% [n=15]
Conclusion: The frequency of positive CT scan findings in patients presenting at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi with chief complaint of headache without focal neurological signs was low. Due to potential risk of cancer from exposure to ionizing radiations, efforts should be made to avoid CT scanning for headache when the likelihood of serious illness is low
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to observe bone response in terms ofosteoclast count and orthodontic tooth movement under optimal orthodontic force in diabetic and normoglycemic rat model. This experimental study was conducted at Animal House and Histopathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Duration of study was June 2013 December 2013. 44 male wistar rats were included in the study and equally divided into two groups; group 1 [Normoglcemic or NG group] and Group 2 [Experimental Diabetic or EDB group]. Type-1 diabetes mellitus was induced by injecting streptozotocin [STZ] in EDB group. Citrate buffer solution was injected in NG group. Maxillary right first molar was moved mesially by applying 10 cN force using closed coil spring. All rats were euthanized on the 21st day after placement of the appliance. The orthodontic tooth movement was recorded by digital vernier caliper. Maxillae of the rats were dissected along with the molar teeth. Serial transverse sections of each maxilla in the interradicular bone at furcation area of first molar distobuccal root of control and appliance side were obtained for quantification of osteoclasts by histomorphometric study. Results showed that mean osteoclast count was significantly more in EDB group as compared to NG group, while no osteoclast was found on the non-appliance control side of both groups. Mean orthodontic tooth movement of rats in EDB group was significantly higher than NG group. It was concluded that Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus result in greater orthodontic tooth movement and increased osteoclasts as compared to normal subjects
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Diabetes Mellitus , Rats, Wistar , OsteoclastsABSTRACT
Magnetic Resonance Imaging [MRI] is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structure. The presence of metallic sources, such as dental implants, orthodontic braces and metallic dental crowns may reduce the image quality of MRI in the maxillofacial region causing large magnetic field distortion and signal loss. Study was designed to evaluate the effects ofDantauram metallic orthodontic brackets on diagnostic quality of MRI image at nine craniofacial regions. A Cross sectional study was carried out on 30 patients visiting Department of Orthodontics, de' Montmorency College of Dentistry / Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore [tertiary health care center]. Patients with 18 years or above, of either sex and recently bonded with Dantauram metallic orthodontic brackets were included in the study. Duration of study was six months. Dantauram metallic brackets were bonded to all incisors, canine and premolars except molars. The mean distortion score of MRI at nine different sections of head and neck including tongue, body of mandible, hard palate, orbits /globes, nasopharynx, pituitary gland, frontal lobe, temporal lobe and brain stem with Dantauram metallic orthodontic brackets on the teeth was noted. The neu-roradiologist was requested to rank the images according to the distortion of these regions using a modified receiver operating characteristic method of distortion classification. The results of the current study revealed that 53.33% patients were between 18-30 years, 36.67% 31-40 years, and 10% patients with > 40 years age. Among these patients 76.67% were females and 23.33% males. The mean distortion score of MRI at nine different sections of head and neck with Dantauram metallic orthodontic brackets on the teeth of these patients was noted. It was observed that mean distortion score was 2.15 +/- 0.93 for tongue, body of mandible 2.79 +/- 0.88, hard plate 2.02 +/- 0.12, orbits/globes 2.32 +/- 0.38, nasopharynx 2.11 +/- 0.43, pituitary gland 1.96 +/- 0.23, frontal lobe 1.15 +/- 0.21, temporal lobe 1.75 +/- 0.76 and for brain stem was 0.78 +/- 0.53. It was concluded that mean distortion score of MRI at nine different sections of head and neck with Dantauram metallic orthodontic brackets on the teeth is <3 in all sections. This means that there is insignificant distortion of MRI at different craniofacial regions with Dantauram metallic orthodontic brackets on the teeth. However, more trials are required to confirm the findings and recommending for non-removal of brackets before MRI
ABSTRACT
Malocclusion has a negative impact on oral health related quality of life. Orthodontists in routine have focused on the clinical-centred measures of outcome for orthodontic treatment, but now, attention to patient-based assessment has greatly increased in dental research. The purpose of study was to determine oral health-related quality of life in adults with mal-occlusion and its relationship with perceived oral health status and satisfaction. This crossectional study was conducted at orthodontics department, de'Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore from January 2015 to May 2015. The sample comprised of 100 adults [34 males and 66 females] with age range of 18 - 25 years and willing to participate in the study. The oral examination was done by three examiners to assess severity of malocclusion according to Dental Aesthetic Index [DAI]. Information regarding oral health-related quality of life was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. The results of study showed that males have highest Oral Health Impact Profile related to psychological problems followed by social and physical impacts whereas in females the highest impact profile was observed on social impacts followed by physical and psychological impacts. Body Satisfactory Scale was almost double in females as compared to males. Mean values from grade 1 to IV DAI for females were non- significantly increased as compared to males. It was concluded that most common Oral Health Impact Profile of malocclusion was psychological and social followed by physical discomfort in males whereas females show highest impact profile on social followed by physical and psychological impacts
ABSTRACT
The objective of this crossectional study was to relate the depth of curve of Spee to the eruption of anterior or posterior teeth quantitatively, and to determine whether the depth of the Curve of Spee is affected by the vertical eruption of anterior or posterior teeth. The study was conducted at Department of Orthodontics, de'Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore; in which two hundred fifty lateral cephalograms and models of untreated Class II Division 1 malocclusion patients [127 boys, mean age: 15.4 +/- 1.4 years; 123 girls, mean age: 17.1 +/- 1.8 years] were included. The depth of the Curve of Spee was measured on lateral cephalograms as perpendicular distance from incisal tip of the mandibular central incisor to the mandibular plane [L1-MP], distobuccal cusp tip of the mandibular second molar [M7-MP] to the mandibular plane, the deepest point of the Curve of Spee to the mandibular plane [S-MP], and proportioned with each other. Right and left side Curve of Spee was measured on models. Results showed that the mesiobuccal cusp of the first molar was the deepest part of the Curve of Spee, and eruption of mandibular molars [M7-MP/S-MP] was more significantly related to depth of Curve of Spee as compared to eruption of mandibular incisors [L1-MP/S-MP]. There was no significant difference between Right and left side Curve of Spee. It was concluded that vertical eruption of the posterior teeth made a significant effect on the depth of the Curve of Spee in Class II Division I malocclusion patients
ABSTRACT
To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in diagnosis of fungal sinusitis. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted at the Department of Radiology PNS SHIFA Hospital Karachi from 18[th] April 2012 to 17[th] October 2012. 126 patients of all ages and gender with clinical suspicion of fungal sinusitis were included in the study. Non-contrast enhanced axial and coronal CT performed on l6slice MDCT. 76%patients were male, 24% female. 98.4% were immunocompetent and 1.6% were immunocompromised. CT finding of mucosal thickening with hyper-attenuating areas in effected sinuses was considered CT diagnostic criteria for fungal sinusitis. Biopsy and histopathology performed in every case and histopathological diagnosis was considered as 'Gold standard' for comparison of CT findings. Findings of every patient were recorded on a specially designed Performa. SPSS version 10 used to calculate diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in fungal sinusitis. 32 [25.4%] patients showed mucosal thickening with internal hyper-attenuating areas in the sinuses representing fungal rhino sinusitis. Results compared with biopsy reports. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT scan in detection of fungal sinusitis were 100%, 93%, 78%, 100% and 94%. 5 [4%] patients showed intraorbital extension and 3 [2.4%] patients showed both intraorbital and intracranial extension of disease. MDCI is very useful and accurate in diagnosis of fungal sinusitis. It should be considered as first investigation of choice to confirm or to rule out fungal sinusitis in clinically suspected patients. MRI should supplement MDCT in those cases of fungal sinusitis in which intraorbital or intracranial extension of disease is suspected
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of Jones jig and distal jet appliance during class-II molar correction with maxillary first molar distalization, its tipping, extrusion, rotation as well as anchorage loss at premolar-incisor unit. Sixty patients were selected from Orthodontics department de,Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan and pre and post distalization lateral cephalograms and study casts were used as evaluation tools. Distal jet group showed 3.88 mm space creation during 7.11 months, out of which 2.93 mm [75.52%] was molar distalization while 0.93 mm [24.48%] was premolar mesialization as anchorage loss. There was 3.41§ molar tipping with 0.20 mm extrusion and 7.33 § distal tipping with 0.90 mm second cuspid extrusion whereas incisors had 1.65 § labial tipping. Right and left upper molars showed 1.30° and 1.18° rotation respectively. In the Jones jig group, the maxillary first molars were distalized to 3.30 mm on each side and tipped 6.70° distally. The maxillary second premolars moved mesially 2.00 mm with tipping of 7.48°.Therefore a total space created between first molar and second premolar was 5.30 mm i.e. 62.26% from first molar distalization while 37.74% from second premolar mesialization. In addition maxillary first molar extruded 0.70 mm and second bicuspid extruded 1.58 mm. Both right and left first molars were also disto-palatally rotated by 2.00° and 2.55° respectively though upper incisors showed 2.25° proclination during distalization. Distal jet appliance was found to be a more effective and predictable method for themaxillary first molar distalization through bodily translation with minimum tipping, extrusion, and rotation as well as anchorage loss
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Male , Female , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
This study was conducted on a sample of 120 individuals [60 male and 60 female individuals] with dental Class I malocclusion selected from different dental institutions of Lahore, Pakistan. The patients were divided into crowed and non crowed groups with equal numbers of males and females. The sample age ranged from 12-18 years with mean age of 15.2 years. Arch width and arch length were measured in upper and lower arches at inter-canine, inter-premolar, inter-molar distances. All measurements were taken from study dental casts by a calibrated operator using vernier caliper. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16 version for windows. The paired t-test was used to evaluate the differences between males and females and average values of the sample. The results showed that the average inter molar width in upper arch was 35.74mm to 36.95mm in females and males respectively in non crowded group. Average arch length was found 77.4mm to 82.7mm in upper arch with no crowding and 72.5mm to 76.1mm in crowded group. Males generally showed higher values in all dimensions but the differences were not statistically significant in comparison to females
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Dentition , Sex Characteristics , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
This study was conducted on a sample of thirty patients selected from Orthodontics department de'Montmorency College of dentistry/ Punjab dental Hospital, Lahore. The purpose of study was to evaluate treatment effects of Distal Jet Appliance during Class-II molar correction with a focus on the magnitude of Maxillary first molar distalization, its tipping, extrusion, rotation as well as anchorage loss at premolar-incisor unit. Pre and post distalization lateral cephalogram and study cast were used as evaluation tools. Results showed that there was 3.88 mm space created during 7.11 months; out of which 2.93 mm [75.52%] showed molar distalization while 0.93 mm [24.48%] premolar mesialization as anchorage loss. There was 3.41% molar tipping with 0.20 mm extrusion and second premolar showed 7.33% distal tipping, 0.90 mm extrusion whereas Incisors showed 1.65% labial tipping
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Orthodontics, Corrective , Orthodontic Appliances , Orthodontics , Cephalometry , Orthodontic Anchorage ProceduresABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate the Cephalometric characteristics of class-III malocclusion in a sample of Pakistani population with age range 18-25 years visiting Orthodontics department, de' Montmorency college of Dentistry / Punjab dental hospital, Lahore. Lateral Cephalometric radiographs, Orthopentomograms, Study casts, extra oral and intra oral photographs were taken for every patient. Results indicate that regarding the Cephalometric characteristics of Pakistani patients with class III malocclusion, the Maxilla showed retrognathism in relation to cranial base both for angular and linear parameters in antero-posterior relationship while the Mandible showed prognathism in relation to cranial base both for angular and linear parameters in antero-posterior relationship. However the Dento-alveolar measurements showed maxillary incisors proclination and mandibular incisors retroclination, suggestive of dental compensation to skeletal discrepancy. Males showed comparatively horizontal while females exhibited vertical growth tendency
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment effects of Jones jig appliance during class-II molar correction with a focus on the magnitude of maxillary first molar distalization, its tipping, extrusion and rotation as well as anchorage loss at premolar- incisor unit. A complete set of pre and post distalization records including history, clinical examination, Lateral cephalometric radiograph, Orthopentomogram, study casts and photographs was taken for each patient. Pre and post distalization lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced for evaluation of molar, premolar and incisors movements while models were used to find out molars rotation. Results showed that there was 5.30 mm space created between molar and premolar during 5.65 months; out of which 3.30 mm [62.26%] showed molar distalization and 2.00mm [37.74%] anchorage loss. There was 6.70° molar tipping with 0.70 mm extrusion while second premolar showed 7.58° tipping and 1.58 mm extrusion. Incisors exhibited an insignificant labial tipping of 0.75°. Both right and left molars showed 2.00° and 2.55° highly significant disto palatal rotation